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Column bases transfer loads from steel columns to the foundation, mainly divided into rigid column base and pinned column base, which serve completely different structural purposes.

A pinned column base, also known as a hinged base, restricts horizontal and vertical movement but allows rotation. It mainly bears axial compression and shear force, with no significant bending moment transferred to the foundation. This type is widely used in portal frame sheds and light steel truss buildings. Its construction is simple, requiring fewer anchor bolts and less complicated base plates.

In contrast, a rigid column base prevents rotation. It can transmit axial force, shear force and large bending moment down to the foundation. It is adopted for multi-storey steel frames or structures that need to resist strong wind or seismic loads. More anchor bolts, stiffeners and base stiffening beams are arranged to resist overturning caused by bending.
Choosing the right column base is critical. Incorrect selection will lead to unsafe design or unnecessary extra cost. Structural engineers judge the type according to load conditions, frame stability requirements and local building codes. Clear communication between designers and fabricators ensures the column base works as designed.